Peru contains 84 out of the 104 Eco-systems found in the world today. Peru is home to almost 10% of all mammals and reptiles living on the planet, more than 20% of the Earth's birds, and between 40,000 and 50,000 of its vascular plants (the most highly involved ones), of which only half have been classified. Insects deserve special attention, on one single tree in the Tambopata jungle in Peru's southeast; scientists identified over 5,000 different species.

Some of Peru's natural areas have world-wide recognition, like Paracas, where huge flocks of migratory birds, sea lion colonies, Humboldt penguins and an astonishing variety of fish share the coast with ruins dating back to the pre-Hispanic cultures.

The Andes are also home to the highest tropical peaks in the world and in particular the Huascaran snow-capped mountain, a paradise that every year lures thousands of visitors.